![]() ![]() Thus the existence and nature of the 2D quantum (zero-temperature) metal has been a matter of long-standing debate 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15. Nevertheless, apparent metallic ground states in proximity to 2D superconductivity have been observed in various experiments 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. General scaling arguments indicate that metallic states are absent at zero temperature in weakly interacting and weakly disordered two-dimensional (2D) electron systems 1. The gate-tuned superconductor–metal transitions are driven by macroscopic phase fluctuations of Josephson coupled superconducting puddles. ![]() We find that the pseudogap corresponds to precursor pairing, and the onset of long-range phase coherence forms a two-dimensional superconducting dome as a function of the dual-gate voltages. Here we utilize independent control of carrier density and disorder of the interfacial superconductor using dual electrostatic gates, which enables the comprehensive examination of the electronic phase diagram approaching zero temperature. At the superconducting LaAlO 3/SrTiO 3 interface, a metallic ground state emerges upon the collapse of superconductivity with field-effect gating and is accompanied with a pseudogap. Quantum ground states that arise at atomically controlled oxide interfaces provide an opportunity to address key questions in condensed matter physics, including the nature of two-dimensional metallic behaviour often observed adjacent to superconductivity. ![]()
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